Risk Factors for Bartonella species Infection in Blood Donors from Southeast Brazil

Pedro Paulo Vissotto de Paiva Diniz , Paulo Eduardo Neves Ferreira Velho , Luiza Helena Urso Pitassi , Marina Rovani Drummond , Bruno Grosselli Lania , Maria Lourdes Barjas-Castro , Stanley Sowy , Edward B. Breitschwerdt , Diana Gerardi Scorpio    Published: March 21, 2016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004509 http://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004509  Abstract Bacteria from the genus Bartonella are emerging blood-borne bacteria, capable of causing long-lasting infection in marine and terrestrial mammals, including humans. Bartonella are generally well adapted to their main host, causing persistent infection without clinical manifestation. However, these organisms may cause severe disease in natural or accidental hosts. In humans, Bartonella species have been detected from sick patients presented with diverse disease manifestations, including cat scratch disease, trench fever, bacillary angiomatosis, endocarditis, polyarthritis, or granulomatous inflammatory disease. However, with the advances in diagnostic methods, subclinical bloodstream infection in humans has been reported, with the potential for transmission through blood transfusion been recently investigated by our group. The objective of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with Bartonella species infection in asymptomatic blood donors presented at a major blood bank in Southeastern Brazil. Five hundred blood donors were randomly enrolled and tested for Bartonella species infection by specialized blood cultured coupled with high-sensitive PCR assays. Epidemiological questionnaires were designed to cover major potential risk factors, such as age, gender, ethnicity, contact with companion animals, livestock, or wild animals, bites from insects or animal, economical status, among other factors. Based on multivariate logistic regression, bloodstream infection with B. henselae or B. clarridgeiae was associated with cat contact (adjusted OR: 3.4, 95% CI: 1.1–9.6) or history of tick bite (adjusted...